1成果简介

      太阳能驱动的界面蒸发为高效光热转换提供了极具前景的方法。受日本槐树纹理树皮高效光捕获效应的启发，本文，长春工业大学孙德 教授在《Langmuir》期刊发表名为“Electroless Plating Preparation of Biomimetic Nickel-Black/Graphene Membranes for Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation”的论文，研究通过无电镀工艺成功开发出类树皮分级镍黑/石墨烯光热转换膜（E-Ni/Gr）。分级结构增强了光捕获能力，而固有半导体吸收带隙与碳组分宽带吸收的协同效应共同提升了光学吸收效率，达到83.21%。在1 kW·m–2辐照下，添加20 mL石墨烯悬浮液的E-Ni/Gr-20膜蒸发速率达1.62 kg·m–2·h–1，光热转换效率达91.25%。该膜还展现出卓越的稳定性（经20次循环后仍保持1.3 kg·m–2·h–1蒸发速率）和脱盐性能（NaCl截留率>99%）。本研究为开发高效稳定的仿生光热材料提供了重要启示。

      2图文导读

      图1. a Designs of E-Ni/Gr membrane; b The process diagram of preparing a nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane by the electroless plating method; c The dual-action mechanism, light trapping effect, and hydrophobicity of the E-Ni/Gr membrane.

      图2. Microscopic morphology and element distribution of the E-Ni/Gr membrane: a Effects of the amounts of graphene on the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane; b SEM image of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane prepared by electroless plating: (b1) ×1000; (b2) ×5000; c Sophora japonica tree; d The EDS of C, Ni, and S on the E-Ni/Gr membrane surface.

      图3. a XPS spectrum of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane; b XRD pattern of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane; c Raman spectra of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane; d Water contact angles of the E-Ni/Gr membrane.

      图4. Photothermal properties of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane (light intensity: 1 sun): a The working principle of the membrane under light conditions; b The absorption rate of E-Ni/Gr; c The reflectivity of E-Ni/Gr; d The average absorptivity of E-Ni/Gr; e Infrared thermal image of membrane: (e1) wet membrane; (e2) dry membrane; f Wet membrane surface average temperature; g Average surface temperature of the dry membrane.

      图5. Interface evaporation performance of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane: a The weight loss curve of the solar interface evaporator with the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane (illuminate under 1 sun); b Evaporation rate of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane (illuminate under 1 sun); c Solar-vapor conversion efficiency of the nickel black-graphene photothermal conversion membrane (illuminate under 1 sun); d Effect of irradiation intensity on the E-Ni/Gr-20 evaporation rate; e Effect of NaCl concentration on the evaporation rate of E-Ni/Gr-20; f Desalination performance of E-Ni/Gr-20; (g, h) The abrading experiment of the E-Ni/Gr-20 membrane; i Evaporation rate and rejection rate of the membrane after abrasion; j SEM image of the membrane after abrading; k Change of irradiation intensity of sunlight and environmental temperature during the outdoor test; l Mass changes of E-Ni/Gr-20 during the day.

      3小结 

      受槐树粗糙表面卓越的光热效应启发，本研究成功开发出用于光热转换的石墨烯修饰镍黑膜（E-Ni/Gr）。该仿生膜在自驱动光热转换（SDIE）领域展现出优异性能。通过无电镀法在镍泡沫基底上构建出具有仿生疏松多孔结构的镍黑/石墨烯复合层。E-Ni/Gr-20样品实现91.25%的光热转换效率与1.62 kg·m?2·h?1的蒸发速率，平均光吸收率达83.21%。该成果揭示了仿生分级结构、碳材料宽谱吸收特性与半导体材料固有吸收带隙的协同效应机制。通过精确调控石墨烯含量，实现96.2°的水接触角。优化多孔结构设计使膜在20次循环测试中保持稳定蒸发性能（1.3 kg·m?2·h?1，保留率>99%）。这种兼具高效光热转换、长期防污性能与经济可行性的复合膜设计，为新一代太阳能海水淡化技术发展奠定了重要材料基础，在应对全球淡水危机方面具有重大应用价值。